اثر هال (hall effect)

The Quantized Hall Effect

The quantum Hall effect

most physical phenomena that occur in nature. Its basic equation, the Schrödinger equation, accurately describes the electronic properties of solids—of great importance in modern technology.To describe the behavior of particles that travel near the speed of light, such as neutrinos, the theory must be modified to take Einstein’s theory of relativity into account. This was accomplished by physic...

Anomalous Hall effect

We present a review of experimental and theoretical studies of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), focusing on recent developments that have provided a more complete framework for understanding this subtle phenomenon and have, in many instances, replaced controversy by clarity. Synergy between experimental and theoretical work, both playing a crucial role, has been at the heart of these advances. ...

Optical spin hall effect.

A remarkable analogy is established between the well-known spin Hall effect and the polarization dependence of Rayleigh scattering of light in microcavities. This dependence results from the strong spin effect in elastic scattering of exciton polaritons: if the initial polariton state has a zero spin and is characterized by some linear polarization, the scattered polaritons become strongly spin...

The Hall Effect

In 1879 E. H. Hall observed that when an electrical current passes through a sample placed in a magnetic field, a potential proportional to the current and to the magnetic field is developed across the material in a direction perpendicular to both the current and to the magnetic field [1]. This effect is known as the Hall effect, and is the basis of many practical applications and devices such ...